Underdevelopment in Northern Ghana: natural causes or colonial capitalism?

The ‘natural’ conditions of soil, climate and even population have been used by several anthropologists and historians to ‘explain’ the relatively underdeveloped condition of Northern Ghana during the colonial period and its aftermath. Such explanations take no account of the requirements of the colonial economy for the labour power for mines and cocoa plantations. It was the demand for labour which determined migration from the North, and not the North's mythical lack of resources. In fact, prior to colonial conquest, the North had been at the heart of 19th Century trade routes and food production. An analysis of the incorporation of the North into the circuit of the world economic system reveals the fallacy of the ‘naturalistic’ arguments.