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= 29.9 years, SD = 5.55) from Australia (N = 146) and the USA (N = 146). The resultant 33-item unidimensional scale demonstrated good fit, no evidence for differential item functioning, sound levels of targeting, and excellent internal consistency reliability. The new Paternal Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PPrAS) is a comprehensive measure of pregnancy-related anxiety for expectant fathers, with usefulness in both clinical and research contexts.
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Dabb et al. (2025) studied this question.
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