On the pullout resistance of geosynthetics

Pullout tests are reported on geosynthetic test specimens embedded in a relatively dense, coarse sand sample. The tests are displacement controlled and are performed at different vertical effective stresses. Tests are reported for a smooth and textured geomembrane and for geogrids of a high and low junction strength. Behaviour is compared with an inextensible, rough sheet. Pullout resistance is governed by progressive tensile strain in the geosynthetic which is a result of relative displacement between it and the soil. Values of interface bond that are described by an interaction factor vary significantly and are stress dependent. Both types of geogrid and the textured geomembrane exhibit a similar response to loading at small displacement, and mobilize a much larger interaction factor than the smooth geomembrane. A rationale is suggested for selection of appropriate values in design.