(The) Fence or Offense? Testing the Effectiveness of “The Fence” in Judea and Samaria

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. http://securityfence.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=45187& 2. Martin van Creveld, “The Day After: Can one Defend Israel within the 1967 Borders?” Maarachot 389 (2003), p. 9. 3. Ephraim Yaar and Tamar Hermann, “Peace Index: Most Israelis Support The Fence, Despite Palestinian Suffering,” Haaretz, March 11, 2004. 4. Robert A. Pape American Political Science Review, vol. 97, no. 3 (August 2003), pp. 343–361. 5. John Keegan, The Mask of Command (New York and London: Penguin, 1987), p. 7 6. Ivan Arreguin-Toft, “How The Weak Win Wars,” International Security, vol. 26, no. 1 (Summer 2001), p. 95. 7. John Orme, “The Utility of Force in a World of Scarcity,” International Security, vol. 22, no. 3 (Winter 1997–1998), pp. 138–167. 8. Felix Frisch, “A Breakdown: The Separation Fence Will Cost 6.5 billion Shekel,” Ynet, May 1, 2003. 9. Ariel Levitas, Israel's Military Doctrine: Defense and Offense (Tel-Aviv: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, 1988), p. 28. 10. Ibid., p. 36. 11. Ibid., pp. 53–54. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid., pp. 34–35. 14. Efraim Inbar, “Israeli National Security, 1973– 1996,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 555, (1998), p. 63. 15. Ibid, pp.74– 75. 16. Ibid. 17. Rajiv Nayan, “The US-Israel Relationship: Experiencing The Arrow,” Strategic Analysis, vol. 16, no 12 (March 1994), pp. 1573–1584. 18. Michael Barnett, “Culture, Strategy and Foreign Policy change: Israel's Road to Oslo,” European Journal of International Relations, vol 5, no. 1, (March 1999), pp. 5–36. 19. Ethel Solingen, “Democracy, Economic Reform and Regional Cooperation,” Journal of Theoretical Politics, vol. 8, no. 1 (January 1996), p. 81. 20. Inbar Efraim, “Israel: the Shift from Self- Reliance” in Frankel, Benjamin (ed). A Restless Mind: Essays in Honor of Amos Perlmutter, (London: Frank Cass, 1996) pp. 80–103. 21. (Lieut. Colonel Ido “Limited Conflict- General Characteristics,” Maarchot, nos. 380–81 (2001), p. 10. 22. Avi Kober, “From Blitzkrieg to Attrition: Israel's Attrition Strategy and Staying Power,” Small Wars and Insurgencies, Vol. 16, No. 2 (June 2005), pp. 216–40. 23. See, for example: David Garnham, “War Proneness, War Weariness, and Regime Type: 1816–1980,” Journal of Peace Research, vol. 23, no. 3 (1986), pp. 279–89. For a study suggesting that the West would not tolerate extensive casualties for relatively unimportant objectives, see Eric V. Larson, Casualties and Consensus: The Historical Role of Casualties in Domestic Support for US Military Operations (Santa Monica: Rand, 1996). For Kober's rejoinder see ibid. 24. Hillel Frisch, “Between Bullets and Ballots: Palestinians and Israeli Democracy,” Review of International Affairs, vol. 2, no. 3 (Spring 2003), pp. 171–174. 25. Ibid, p. 14. 26. See fn. 7. 27. Eyal Zisser, “Hizballah In Lebanon: At The Crossroads,” MERIA Journal, vol. 1, no. 3. http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1997/issue3/jv1n3a1.html. 28. Leora Eren Frucht, “The Movement that Shaped the Lebanon Pullout,” Jerusalem Post, June 8, 2000. 29. Palestinian casualties were computed from www.btselem.org/english/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=1 (accessed January 5, 2005); on Israeli fatalities see www.btselem.org/english/Statistics/Israeli_Security_Forces_Personnel_Killed_by_Palestinians.asp'www.btselem.org/english/Statistics/Casualties.asp 30. Presumably 40,000 troops back up by 2,000 tanks patrolled the line. See David C. Gordon, The Passing of French Algeria (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), pp. 59–60. 31. Allistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962. London: 32 Macmillan, 1977), pp. 276–279. 32. Mazal Muallam, The Good Fence in Gaza, Haaretz, April 23, 2002. 33. Maj.-Gen. Doron Almog, The West Bank Fence: A Vital Component in Israel's Strategy of Defense. Policy Focus #47 April 2004. 34. Maariv Online, March 18, 2001. 35. Ibid. 36. Maariv Online, January 10, 2002. 37. Mazal Mualam, “The Good Fence in Gaza,” Haaretz, April 23, 2002. 38. Orit Galili, “The Ministry of Police Has Drawn Plans To Separate Israel From the Territories,” Haaretz Supplement, January 26, 1995. 39. For more general analysis on these aspects see Michael Kobi and Amnon Ramon, Around Jerusalem: General Background and Ramifications on the Functioning of the Metropolitan Zone Surrounding It (Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Institute for the Study of Israel, 2004). 40. Aluf Ben, “The Cabinet Approved 2 Billion Shekel for the Seam Area Plan,” Haaretz, July 19, 2001. 41. Diana Bechor, “The Cabinet Approved the Route of the Separation Fence,” Ynet, August 14, 2002. 42. http://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/purpose.htm (Accessed December 13, 2005.) 43. “Data on the Separation Barrier – April 2004,” www.btselem.org 44. Diana Behor-Nir, “Despite Releasing the Prisoners: The [United States] Administration Is Dealing With the Fence,” Ynet, August 6, 2003. 45. For the official Israeli point of view, see “Legal Framework,” www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/execution.htm (Accessed December 13, 2005.) 46. Shlomo Shamir, “Israel To Press On With Fence After UN Resolution Condemns It,” Haaretz, July 21, 2004. 47. Atila Shumaphlevi, “The United States: We Do Not Condemn Israel for Sanctioning Route,” Ynet, October 2, 2003. 48. http://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/operational.htm (Accessed, November 15, 2005.) 49. Salmoni Catignani, “The Security Imperative In Counterterror Operations: The Israeli Fight Against Suicidal Terror,” Terrorism And Political Violence, vol. 17, nos. 1–2 (Winter 2005), pp. 251–252. 50. Hillel Frisch, “The Palestinian Strategic Debate over the Intifada,” Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 15, no. 2 (Summer 2003), pp. 1–20. 51. http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/1047.htm. 52. Walter Enders and Todd Sandler, “What Do We Know About the Substitution Effect in Transnational Terrorism?” in Andrew Silk (ed.), Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievments and Failures (London: Frank Cass 2004), p. 134; “Isabelle Duyvestey,” The Paradoxes of Terrorism: an Attempt at Theory,” Paper presented at WISC Conference, Istanbul, August 2005, p. 12. 53. “Terrorism Summary Data,” www.mfa.gov.il;/www1.idf.il/SIP_STORAGE/DOVER/files/2/32592.doc;info.jpost.com/C002/Supplements/CasualtiesOfWar.