Examining the Maritime–Economy Nexus: A Systematic Review of Shipping and Port Contributions in South Africa

South Africa’s maritime sector plays a pivotal role in connecting the nation to global trade networks and fostering economic development. This study systematically reviews existing literature to examine the maritime–economy nexus, focusing on how shipping and port activities contribute to South Africa’s economic growth and job creation. Drawing on government reports, policy documents, and peer-reviewed studies, the research identifies key pathways through which maritime operations enhance national output, employment, and trade competitiveness. The findings reveal that efficient port infrastructure, increased participation in international shipping, and strategic initiatives such as Operation Phakisa can substantially expand South Africa’s economic base. However, persistent challenges— including infrastructural inefficiencies, limited investment, and skills shortages—continue to constrain the sector’s full potential. The study concludes that leveraging technological innovation, strengthening maritime policy implementation, and promoting human capital development are critical for ensuring that shipping and port activities effectively drive inclusive and sustainable economic growth in South Africa.