Type 2 diabetes exacerbates changes in blood pressure-independent arterial stiffness: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the SUMMIT study

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Comparisons of β0 between people with and without type 2 diabetes (A), and between people with and without type 2 diabetes stratified by a history of cardiovascular disease (B). A: data are shown as means (95% confidence intervals) after adjusting for age and sex. *Significantly different from DM+. DM+, people with type 2 diabetes; DM−, people without type 2 diabetes. B: data are shown as means (95% confidence intervals) after adjusting for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. *Significantly different from DMCVD. †Significantly different from DM. CVD, people with cardiovascular disease only (n = 200); CTRL, people with neither type 2 diabetes nor cardiovascular disease (n = 236); DM, people with type 2 diabetes only (n = 426); DMCVD, people with type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular disease (n = 327); Healthy, “healthy” people (n = 74).

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  Figure 2.. Comparisons of absolute and percentage-change in β0 (A and C) and in CFPWV (B and D) over 3 years in people with and without type 2 diabetes. Data are shown as means (95% confidence intervals) after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline β0 for the change in β0 and for age, sex, and baseline CFPWV for the change in CFPWV. *Significantly different from DM+. Δβ0, change in β0; ΔCFPWV, change in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; DM+, people with type 2 diabetes; DM−, people without type 2 diabetes.