Estimation of perturbations in robotic behavior using dynamic mode decomposition

AbstractPhysical human–robot interaction tasks require robots that can detect and react to external perturbations caused by the human partner. In this contribution, we present a machine learning approach for detecting, estimating, and compensating for such external perturbations using only input from standard sensors. This machine learning approach makes use of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), a data processing technique developed in the field of fluid dynamics, which is applied to robotics for the first time. DMD is able to isolate the dynamics of a nonlinear system and is therefore well suited for separating noise from regular oscillations in sensor readings during cyclic robot movements. In a training phase, a DMD model for behavior-specific parameter configurations is learned. During task execution, the robot must estimate the external forces exerted by a human interaction partner. We compare the DMD-based approach to other interpolation schemes. A variant, sparsity promoting DMD, is particularly well suited for high-noise sensors. Results of a user study show that our DMD-based machine learning approach can be used to design physical human–robot interaction techniques that not only result in robust robot behavior but also enjoy a high usability.Keywords: physical human–robot interactiondynamic mode decompositionmodel learningexternal perturbationusability in human–robot interaction NotesSupplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2014.981292.1 http://youtu.be/wHZYx6Dzswk.