Phrenology is defined as the study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and character. The authors trace the development of this definition from Benjamin Rush, who meant phrenology to describe faculty psychology, through Franz Joseph Gall, who linked faculty psychology and craniology, to Thomas Forster and Johann Spurzheim, who gave the word its present meaning.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Noel et al. (1970) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: