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December 1, 1997Journal of the American Statistical Association245 citations

Geographical & Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small-Area Studies.

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KKKaren KafadarPEPaul ElliottJCJack Cuzick

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore the intersection of geography, environment, and public health by examining small-area studies.
  • Emphasizes the importance of ecological studies in assessing environmental influences on health.
  • Focuses on statistical methods, including Bayesian approaches, for mapping disease risk and analyzing environmental exposures.
  • Offers case studies examining links between environmental factors and health issues, such as cancer and respiratory diseases.
  • Identifies significant correlations between environmental exposures and health outcomes, highlighting specific risks associated with pollution.
  • Discusses problems of interpretation in disease cluster investigations, emphasizing the need for careful analysis to avoid misattributions.
  • Demonstrates the utility of routine data and specialized registers in informing public health approaches.

Abstract

Part 1 Introduction: geographihcal epidemiology and ecological studies small-area studies - purpose and methods health and the environment - the significance of chemicals and radiation. Part 2 Data, computational methods and mapping: mortality data cancer incidence data for adults cancer incidence data for children congenital anomalies specialized registers population counts in small areas use of routine data in studies of point sources of environmental pollution socio-economic confounding use of record linkage in small-area studies confidentiality practical approaches to disease mapping estimating environmental exposures mapping environmental exposure. Part 3 Statistical methods: statistical methods for geographical correlation studies Bayesian methods for mapping disease risk statistical methods for analyzing point-source exposures some comments on methods for investigating disease risk around a point source methods for the assessment of disease clusters. Part 4 Studies of health and the environment: environmental epidemiology - a historical perspective guidelines for the investigation of clusters of adverse health events studies of diseas clustering - problems of interpretation. Part 5 Case studies: childhood leukaemia around the Sellafield nuclear plant the epidemic of respiratory cancer associated with erionite fibres in the Cappadocian region of Turkey soya bean as a risk factor of epidemic asthma the Seveso accident cancer of the larynx and lung near incinerators of waste solvents and oils in Britain a study of geographical correlations in China.

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Cite This Study

Kafadar et al. (1997) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1112672ff7b5e82c169564https://doi.org/10.2307/2965456
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