Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Assay of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Spinach plant Extract

This study involves the use of environmentally friendly or biosynthetic friendly technology which is effective in terms of low cost, time and energy; we prepared ZrO2 nanoparticles using Spinach plant extract in alkaline medium and pH 12 using an eco-friendly approach. ZrO2 nanoparticles were characterized using multiple techniques such as FTIR, Vis-UV, TEM, SEM, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray. The average crystal size was calculated using the Debye-Scherres equation and the value was 19.06 nm. Some deformation was observed due to the large size. SEM results showed that the size of the ZrO2 NPS particles was 12.39 nm, Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM. zirconium oxide nanoparticles form small clusters. The antibacterial effects of different concentrations of ZrO2 NPs against positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were studied. ZrO2 NPs showed different efficacy against these different types of antimicrobial agents. The inhibitory effect of ZrO2 NPs on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was examined. The results showed that ZrO2 NPs have a strong ability to inhibit cancer cells.