Report offers policy recommendations for mining permit challenges in EU, addressing environmental and social issues.
This report is written with the EU Policy-makers and Regulators in mind at both central and local-government level facing three major challenges: 1. a CRM Act now in law but with very limited knowledge or experience to date of the outcomes of the exercise of the law in the judicial process; 2. permitting the mining of Strategic/Critical raw materials (S/CRMs) in protected area with a combined S/CRM list now totalling 53 minerals, using an untested, streamlined permitting cycle allowing at most twenty-seven months to complete; 3. most difficult, a very heterogenous, complex and seemingly expanding set of applicable Directives and Policies suffering from fragmentation, sometime conflicted regulations and inconsistent operating procedures. These regulations mask an undertow of a combination of hostility in some communities to any mining in protected areas, especially new mines, and resistance in some other areas to mining anywhere at all for anything.
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Hilton et al. (2026) studied this question.