Mechanistic insights into interfacial failure of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries under extreme conditions

Key Points

• This research aims to uncover the failure mechanisms of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries under extreme temperature conditions.
• Conducted electrochemical tests to assess performance under high temperatures.
• Performed multi-scale characterizations to analyze material properties and failure modes.
• Identified specific failure mechanisms impacting hard carbon anodes at extreme temperatures.
• Demonstrated significant degradation in battery performance under high-temperature conditions.