Elevating sleep to a global health priority: The One Sleep Health framework

Summary Sleep is a non-negotiable necessity for humans and animals and a cornerstone of health. Research is recently undergoing a paradigm shift, moving from a focus on individual factors to macro-level influences on sleep health. The physical, social, and lifestyle exposome increasingly disrupts human and animal sleep, highlighting shared vulnerabilities and potential health risks across species within shared ecosystems. Yet, the interactions among sleep, whole-body health, and exposome factors remain elusive. Here, we propose a novel integrative One Sleep Health framework that recognizes sleep as a fundamental pillar of planetary health and highlights how environmental factors influence it in the modern era. It incorporates the sleep capital concept—the cumulative health, social, and economic benefits of high sleep quality—into a global sleep health agenda. By adopting a transdisciplinary lens encompassing neuroscience, medicine, environmental science, and public health, this framework aims to bridge critical gaps in global sleep research and diplomacy.