Safety and effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy in older people with atrial fibrillation during exposed and unexposed treatment periods

Figures

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  Figure 1. Summary of the study design, criteria for cohort entry, assessment of covariates and follow-up. Time periods are shown as Days (x,y) where x is the start and y is the end of the time period. Day 0 denotes the date of cohort entry. Minus figures indicate the number of days before cohort entry (template from http://www.repeatinitiative.org/projects.html). aTreatment episodes defined by date of prescription and quantity supplied with a stockpiling algorithm if a new prescription occurs before the end of the date supply. For DOACs, gaps of less than 60 days between end date of supply and next prescription were bridged. For warfarin, a gap of twice the median gap between previous prescriptions was allowed. bBaseline condition included: hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, kidney disease, liver disease, bleeds, dementia, falls, fragility fracture. cBaseline medications included: antihypertensives, antiplatelets, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors of H2 antagonists, statins, diabetic medications,…

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  Figure 2. Cohort selection process showing the number of patients excluded at each stage and the number included in each group at study entry. AF, atrial fibrillation; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; OAC, oral anticoagulant.

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  Figure 3. HRs for effectiveness and safety outcomes associated when not exposed to an anticoagulant compared with exposed to any anticoagulant from the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex and relevant comorbidities. ES, effect size.

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  Figure 4. HRs for effectiveness and safety outcomes associated with all DOAC, rivaroxaban and apixaban compared with warfarin from the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex and relevant comorbidities. DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; ES, effect size.