Recurrent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Event Rates Differ Among Patients Meeting the Very High Risk Definition According to Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status

Background The risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events may differ by sociodemographic factors among patients meeting the definition of very high risk according to the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guideline, leading to treatment disparities. We estimated the risk for recurrent ASCVD events among adults meeting the definition of very high risk by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in a US integrated healthcare system. Methods and Results The study cohort included Kaiser Permanente Southern California members aged ≥21 years with a history of clinical ASCVD on September 30, 2009. Very high risk for recurrent ASCVD was defined by a history of ≥2 major ASCVD events or a history of 1 major event along with ≥2 high-risk conditions. Patients were followed through 2015 for a first recurrent ASCVD event. Of 77 101 patients with ASCVD, 50.8% met the definition for very high risk. Among patients meeting the definition of very high risk, recurrent ASCVD rates were higher in older (>75 years) versus younger patients (21-40 years) (sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] 1.85; 1.23-2.79), non-Hispanic Black patients versus non-Hispanic White patients (age-, sex-adjusted HR, 1.32; 1.23-1.41), those who lived in neighborhoods with lower (<$35k) versus higher annual household income (≥$80k) (HR, 1.20; 1.11-1.30), or with lower (≥31.2%) versus higher education levels (<8.8% high school or lower) (HR, 1.26; 1.19-1.34). Conclusions Disparities in the risk for recurrent ASCVD events were present across sociodemographic factors among very high risk patients. The addition of sociodemographic factors to current definitions of very high risk could reduce health disparities.