In this paper I shall examine the tensions and contradictions attendant on the institutionalization of Axial visions. These tensions are first the result of problems inherent in the institutionalization of Axial visions — e.g., the implementation of economic and power structures. Second, these tensions are rooted in the internal structure of Axial visions — most notably in the tension between their inclusivist universalist claims and their exclusivist tendency, rendering their institutionalization potentially destructive. These problems point to the continual tension between constructive and destructive elements of social and cultural expansion and evolution.
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Shmuel N. Eisenstadt (2021) studied this question.
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