Topology studies with biosynthetic fragments identify interacting transmembrane regions of the human red-cell anion exchanger (band 3; AE1)

The red-cell anion exchanger (band 3; AE1) is a multispanning membrane protein that traverses the bilayer up to 14 times and is N-glycosylated at Asn-642. We have shown that the integrity of six different loops are not essential for stilbene disulphonate-sensitive chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes. We used an N-glycosylation mutagenesis approach to examine the orientation of the N-terminus and the endogenous glycosylation site of each C-terminal fragment by cell-free translation. The fragments initiating in the loops preceding spans 2, 9 and 11 did not insert into the membrane with the expected orientation. Furthermore, N-glycosylation of Asn-642 might facilitate the membrane integration of span 7. The correct integration of spans 2-3 required the presence of the region containing span 4 and that the luminal exposure of the C-terminus of span 7 is increased in the presence of the region including span 6 or span 8. The results suggest the span 8 region is required for the correct folding of spans 9-10, at least in the presence of the span 11-12 region. Our results suggest that there are intramolecular interactions between the regions of transmembrane spans 1 and 2, 2 and 4, 4 and 5, 7 and 8, 8 and 9-10, and 9-10 and 11-12. Spans 1, 4, 5, 6 and 8 might act as a scaffold for the assembly of spans 2-3, 7 and 9-10. This approach might provide a general method for dissecting the interactions between membrane-spanning regions of polytopic membrane proteins.