Development and validation of novel measures of gender minority stress for transgender and nonbinary people

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Introduction: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people experience various minority stressors, such as discrimination, which have significant effects on mental health. Even so, most of the existing literature about TNB people's experiences of minority stress has utilized models that were developed for cisgender sexual minorities, resulting in a need for measure development. Method: an online survey and from a panel company, with a split sample for the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. All data were collected in the U.S. Results: Results provided evidence of content, structural, convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity for all scales. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the measures are valid for use with TNB people diverse in gender and racial/ethnic identities. Discussion: These newly developed scales provide the means to measure novel forms of minority stress that TNB people have described in past research, but which are not captured by existing cisgender focused models and measures of minority stress.