A detailed survey of nongravitational forces and space environmental torques acting upon the Galileo spacecraft during its interplanetary flight to Jupiter is given. It includes simple analytic equations to model the first-order effect of solar, planetary,)and spacecraft radiation; solar wind; meteoroids; cosmic rays; magnetic fields; Newtonian drag forces; and leakage of the propulsion system. The model parameters are taken from recent spaceflight data. The result is a model of the magnitudes of the disturbing forces and torques. It provides a useful tool for the analysis of the Galileo and future spaceflight missions.
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Longuski et al. (1992) studied this question.