Chaotic Behaviour of Deterministic Orbits: The Problem of Turbulent Phase

When the deviation from the thermodynamic equilibrium is made large enough by an external control, there may appear new phases of lower symmetry, which are not met in thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e. different from fixed points. Closed orbit is such one example. Recently, however, a third phase, which is different either from closed orbits or fixed points, has come under serious consideration. This is connected with the appearance of a recurrent aperiodic orbits, and may be called chaotic or turbulent phase.