What is the lowest possible reheating temperature?

We study models in which the universe exits reheating at temperatures in the MeV regime. By combining light element abundance measurements with cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data we find a fairly robust lower limit on the reheating temperature of Tₑ₇4MeV at 95% C. L. However, if the heavy particle whose decay reheats the universe has a direct decay mode to neutrinos, there are some small islands left in parameter space where a reheating temperature as low as 1 MeV is allowed. The derived lower bound on the reheating temperature also leads to very stringent bounds on models with n large extra dimensions. For n=2 the bound on the compactification scale is M2000TeV, and for n=3 it is 100 TeV. These are currently the strongest available bounds on such models.