Computer aided surgery system (CAS): Development of surgical simulation and planning system with three dimensional graphic reconstruction

To assess the feasibility of computer-aided surgery (CAS) with three-dimensional (3D) graphic reconstruction, the authors describe an experiment in which direct needle punctures were made into porcine liver phantoms on the basis of a collision assessment. A 90% success rate was achieved when a generalized cylinder method for vessel reconstruction was used. A clinical trial of this system for surgical planning shows its potential for use in abdominal surgery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>