Using Li4Ti5O12 as its anode instead of graphite, the lithium titanate battery has the inherent advantages in rate characteristics, cycle life and chemical stability, which is more suitable for rail transit application. As an indicator of battery available energy, state of energy (SOE) is of great importance to estimate. However, most of the models utilized in the literature concerning state estimation of lithium battery become problematic for outlining the characteristics of lithium titanate battery. In this work, a robust approach for SOE estimation of lithium titanate battery is presented after considering the influence of temperature based on the proposed BV equation-based model, showing the capability of estimating the terminal voltage and SOE precisely at different temperatures and excitations.
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Zhai et al. (2017) studied this question.
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