Load Management using Heat-Pump Water Heater and Electric Vehicle Battery Charger in Distribution System with PV

This paper proposes a new load management method using Heat Pump Water Heater (HP-WH) and Electric Vehicle Battery Charger (EV-BC) in a distribution system with a high penetration of Photovoltaic generation system (PV). The proposed method implements a classification of the controllable loads (HP-WH, EV-BC) by distribution section and optimizes operation modes of the classified controllable loads. A distribution section enclosed with two or three IT switches, which are sectionalizing switches with sensors, is defined as a load management cluster, and a large number of controllable loads in a distribution feeder are classified into three clusters. All the customers with controllable loads determine beforehand two operation modes which achieve the satisfactory convenience and energy conservation; one is a nighttime consumption pattern and another is a daytime consumption pattern. Distribution System Operator (DSO) can collect the customers' information such as address codes and operation plans, and select either of the operation modes in each distribution section. The optimal combination of these operation modes is determined by Optimal Power Flow calculation (OPF). The objective is to improve load factor while keeping a power quality of a distribution system. The validity of the proposed method is verified through computer simulations using distribution network model.