Problem structuring methods in Human Resource Management and Talent Acquisition: a systematic review

This systematic review investigates the application of Problem Structuring Methods (PSM) in Human Resource Management (HRM) and Talent Acquisition. The study aims to identify the prevailing methodologies, evaluate their effectiveness and identify research gaps. Following the PRISMA protocol, the review synthesized 14 studies from Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy used the PICO structure, with bibliometric analysis (using the Bibliometrix package in R) and qualitative synthesis to evaluate trends and impacts. The inclusion criteria prioritized peer-reviewed articles in English. The Soft Systems Methodology and Cognitive Mapping were identified as main PSM, valued by stakeholder engagement, objective clarification and integration of qualitative-quantitative approaches. Multimethodological approaches improved decision robustness, while the Viable Systems Model improved organizational adaptability. Challenges include contextual dependence, resource intensity and partial methodological implementations. A significant finding was the geographic concentration of publications in the United Kingdom and Brazil, although it may limit the generalizability of the results. This review offers a roadmap for the advancement of hybrid methodologies in operational research within HRM. Provides HR professionals with strategies to tackle complex workforce challenges and directs researchers into underexplored areas such as cross-cultural applications and the integration of Artificial Intelligence.