In the seven organized US wholesale electricity markets, locational pricing is used for day‐ahead and real‐time dispatch. Congestion pricing is an important part of this market construct. Congestion in the transmission system leads to differences in locational prices, giving a strong price signal to all users of the system. Many of the expected benefits of electricity markets spring from these price signals—they provide incentives for participants to use the transmission system in the most efficient manner and to maximize the value of their investment in infrastructure.
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Verónica R. Bósquez Fóti (2016) studied this question.
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