This essay is a call for carefully executed research that explores the impact of instructional practices on learning outcomes. Such research responds to the interests of NCA membership, to external pressures, and to our desire to improve our instructional efforts. Considerations relevant to selecting the outcome measures (including types of outcomes, longitudinal effects, and “real world” impact) are discussed. Caution is urged in designing such research to ensure its internal validity and external generalizability.
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Ruth Anne Clark (2002) studied this question.
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