Trusted Autonomy Between Humans and Robots: Toward Human-on-the-Loop in Robotics and Autonomous Systems

Safety, accuracy, and security have always been major concerns pertaining to the adoption of autonomous systems. Human-on-the-loop (HOTL) systems, in particular, require a high level of trust to be accepted in our daily lives. Trust translates as a human operator's willingness to rely on the actions performed by an autonomous system. Trust depends on the specific system and circumstances as well as on the environment the system is working in and the operator's background and beliefs. Achieving the trust that can lead to realizing particular objectives individually and accurately in uncertain conditions over a long period of time without human involvement has always been the main goal with autonomous systems.