Digital Twin Strategies for SoS 4 Challenges and 4 Architecture Setups for Digital Twins of SoS

Cyber physical systems of systems operate on and with machine-generated data that form the foundation of many of their information-centric functions and processes. Especially within infrastructure systems of systems and the applications of the internet of things, data became an asset for additional tasks regarding their efficient and effective operations, e.g., predictive maintenance which lowers the total costs of ownership. Many of these tasks are well supported by digital twins but building such digital replicas of systems and processes within a system of system is complicated by that context, e.g., due to the managerial independence of the contributing systems that often restricts available information and data sharing. We discuss these challenges together with strategies and architectures that address them and illustrate this digital twin perspective on cyber physical systems and the internet of things with examples from the smart grid and smart building domain.