Forced oscillations (FOs) are often caused by a miss-operating turbine that induces a periodic torque onto the synchronous generator's shaft. In order to rectify this problem, the goals are to automatically locate the FO source generator and quantify the magnitude of the induced torque. Ideally this is done using only time-synchronized system measurements. This paper explores and compares three approaches for achieving these goals. The first approach, which is developed in this paper, is based upon estimating the swing equation. The other two methods are an energy-flow method and an RMS energy calculator. Simulation examples are used to compare and demonstrate the approaches.
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Xie et al. (2017) studied this question.