Rational choice of a complex of preventive measures to reduce environmental risks of hazards to an acceptable level

The aim of the study is to develop a method for the rational selection of a set of protective and precautionary measures to reduce risks to an acceptable level by minimizing financial costs, maximizing the total efficiency of financial expenditures, and considering limited financial resources. The research employs system analysis, risk theory, mathematical modeling, and integer linear programming methods. The results show that a method has been developed for the rational selection of protective and precautionary measures based on solving an optimization problem. The criteria used include reducing the risk level to an acceptable threshold while minimizing financial costs, maximizing the total effectiveness of financial expenditures, or working within limited financial resources. The effectiveness of financial expenditures for a complex of protective and preventive measures can be increased by 30%-99%, and the financial costs themselves can be reduced by 8%-25% through integer linear programming. This approach allows for reaching an acceptable level of risk by selecting and combining the most effective preventive and protective measures for each hazardous factor and for all hazards in general. The scientific novelty lies in establishing a relationship between the number of protective and precautionary measures needed to reduce risk to an acceptable level and the financial costs of their implementation. This relationship allows for the selection of the most rational option based on minimizing financial costs or maximizing the reduction of the risk level. The practical value is found in the formation of an algorithm to reduce the total level of risk from environmental hazards, considering groups of dangerous factors, to an acceptable level with minimal costs or maximum effectiveness of protection.