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PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Measuring the Returns to Education PART II: ECONOMIC GROWTH 2. Human Capital, Endogenous Growth Models, and Economic Development 3. Education and Growth in East Asia 4. Education and Growth in Latin America 5. Africa's Population Growth and Dilution of Human Capital (with Ali Arifa) PART III: MEASURING THE NON-MONETARY BENEFITS 6. Health and Net Population Growth 7. Democracy, Human Rights, and Political Stability 8. Poverty and Inequality 9. The Environment 10. Education and Crime PART IV: THE COMPLETE MODEL: EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 11. Tracing the Impacts of Education on Development: A Summary 12. Measuring the Total Social Benefits of Education: The Complete Model 13. Separating and Valuing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Education 14. Summary of Conclusions: Measuring the Social Benefits, Convergence, and Policy Dialogue
A 2000 study studied this question.