Key result
Weak memory linked to ~37-fold higher cognitive impairment odds versus excellent memory in older adults.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to unravel the combined effect of risk and protective factors that may contribute to preserving or impairing cognitive status in elders aged 75 years and older.
Cohort (n=630)
Yes
A combination of 12 sociodemographic, physical, lifestyle, and psychological factors can optimally predict the development of cognitive impairment in adults aged 75 and older.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May flag high-risk older adults for monitoring; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before practice change.
To unravel the combined effect of risk and protective factors that may contribute to preserve or impair cognitive status, this prospective cohort study systematically investigated a cluster of factors in elders aged 75 years and older from Guangxi Longitudinal Cohort (GLC) dataset. GLC has tracked 630 oldest-elders for two times within 2 years and will continue to follow two times in the next 4 years. At baseline geriatric assessment, sociodemographic information (e.g., education, Mandarin, marriage, and income), physical status [body mass index (BMI), chronic disease/medicine], lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, and exercise), and self-rated mental health (self-care, well-being, anxiety) were recorded by online interview. With 2 years' follow-up, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and memory test were performed through person-to-person interview. The performance of MMSE was applied to represent the responder's cognitive status which classified into cognitive impairment and normal group based on a cutoff point of 20. An age-related cognitive declining trend of 15 stratified factors was observed, though with a small effect size (R-square: 0.001-0.15). The odds of exposure or non-exposure on factors (memory, self-care, exercise, income, education, and literacy) had a significantly different effect on cognitive impairment through multivariate analysis after adjusting other confounding variables. Through stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, the following 12 factors/index would be integrated to predict cognitive impairment: gender, physical health factors (BMI, chronic disease), socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (education, literacy, Mandarin, marriage, income, and exercise), and psychological health factors (memory, self-care cognition, and anxiety). Related clinical and nursing applications were also discussed.
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Yan et al. (2020) conducted a cohort in Cognitive impairment (n=630). Multidimensional risk factors (e.g., weak memory) vs. Reference levels (e.g., excellent memory) was evaluated on Cognitive impairment (MMSE score < 20) (Adj OR 36.78, 95% CI 11.62-136.44, p=<0.001). Weak memory significantly increased the odds of developing cognitive impairment (Adj OR 36.78) compared to excellent memory in adults aged 75 years and older over a 2-year period.
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