Alister Cumming, Elaine Tarone, Andrew D. Cohen, Ulla Connor, Nina Spada, Nancy H. Hornberger, Alastair Pennycook, Elsa Auerbach, Alternatives in TESOL Research: Descriptive, Interpretive, and Ideological Orientations, TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Winter, 1994), pp. 673-703
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Cumming et al. (1994) studied this question.
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