Global change research encompasses various scales from global to local. Impacts analysis in particular often requires spatial downscaling, whereby socioeconomic and emission variables specified at relatively large spatial scales are translated to values at a country or grid level. In this article, the methods used for spatial downscaling are reviewed, classified, and current applications discussed. It is shown that in recent years, improved methods for downscaling have been developed.
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Vuuren et al. (2010) studied this question.
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