Genome-wide analysis of the GID gene family in soybean and analysis of expression under gibberellin treatment

Soybean is a major grain and oil crop worldwide. Plant hormones play a critical role in regulating soybean growth and development. The GID gene family plays an important role in gibberellin (GA) perception and signaling, thereby contributing to the regulation of endogenous GA-mediated growth and developmental processes.signaling In this study, subcellular localization prediction indicated diverse potential localization patterns among the GmGID proteins, while experimental transient expression suggested that GmGID5 may be associated with chloroplasts. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into six subgroups, revealing close evolutionary relationships with their homologs in Arabidopsis . These GID genes were distributed across 17 chromosomes. Synteny analysis demonstrated collinearity among soybean and other species, including rice, maize, and Arabidopsis . Expression profiling indicated that GID genes exhibit diverse expression patterns in different tissues, including the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds, with the majority of the genes showing high expression levels in the leaves. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed on three representative genes: GmGID1, GmGID2, and GmGID3. The results showed that these genes exhibited altered expression patterns under GA treatments at concentrations of 30, 50, and 80 ppm, indicating their potential involvement in GA-mediated responses.signaling Subcellular localization analysis showed that GmGID5 was localized in chloroplasts. Functional annotation and expression analyses suggested that soybean GID genes may be involved in GA signaling, reproductive development, and stress responses. In addition, eight miRNAs were predicted to regulate stress responses, modulate seed oil and protein metabolism, and coordinate with GID genes to influence soybean growth and stress adaptation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further functional characterization of GID genes and offers valuable insights for the breeding of high-yield and stress-tolerant soybean varieties.