Investigates entropy and neutrino emissions in black star formation, suggesting novel insights into thermodynamics.
Complete thermodynamic analysis of CCEGA black star formation from a 7 M☉ progenitor. Three results established: (1) Second law satisfied — entropy increases from S_initial ~ 10^58 to S_final ~ 10^76 k_B, dominated by gravitational wave emission. (2) Corrected RT entropy — minimal Ryu-Takayanagi surface stays near IR brane (R_final/z_IR = 0.21), giving S_RT ~ 10^53 k_B, a factor 10^25 below Bekenstein-Hawking; corrects P53. (3) Neutrino enhancement — radion braking releases E_radion ~ 0.63 E_bind, producing 2–12× neutrino pulse enhancement over GR collapse, detectable by Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE within ~20 kpc. Multi-messenger signature: neutrino enhancement + 42 µs bounce feature + 14 ms GW echo + 3.8 kHz QNM. "This paper corrects the RT entropy estimate of P53 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.20033600). The UV-anchored surface assumed in P53 requires R_final > z_IR, which does not hold for stellar-mass black stars. The corrected value is S_RT ~ 10^53 k_B. A revised version of P53 will be issued as v1.2."
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Marc López Sánchez (2026) studied this question.
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