Design and Value Evaluation of Demand Response Based on Model Predictive Control

Demand response is one of the key technologies in energy management systems, and is defined as the changes in electricity usage of end-use consumers that occur as a result of changing the electricity price, the incentive, etc. In this paper, a design method for demand response is proposed based on model predictive control. Model predictive control is a control method using prediction by a mathematical model, which is used for controlling systems with constraints. Because constraints are considered in the design of demand response, it is appropriate to utilize model predictive control. First, the model-predictive-based demand response problem is formulated. By solving this problem, demand response is performed based on the actual power consumption. Next, constraints on the peak shift effect are imposed, and an event-triggered mechanism is introduced. Third, the effects of demand response are theoretically analyzed. Finally, the economic value of the proposed approach is evaluated by numerical simulations. The proposed approach provides us a fundamental result for the design of demand response and aggregators such as retailers.