RBAC-Enabled Secure Data Transmission Architecture for Electric Vehicles in the IoV Context

The rapid proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs) within the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) ecosystem generates a massive volume of sensitive telemetry data, creating significant security and privacy challenges. Existing communication architectures often lack standardized security protocols, leaving them vulnerable to data breaches and unauthorized access. This paper presents the design and implementation of a secure data communication architecture that leverages Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to mitigate these risks. The proposed system employs a multi-layered security approach, integrating AES256 encryption for data confidentiality during transmission and JSON Web Token (JWT) for robust user authentication. RBAC is implemented to assign granular roles and permissions, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access specific datasets based on their designated function. The architecture includes an end-to-end data pipeline from the vehicle node to a cloud-based middleware and a web-based monitoring client for real-time vehicle insights. Empirical validation, including performance load testing and security analysis, confirms that the proposed framework significantly enhances data security, enforces granular access control, and improves overall system reliability, offering a practical solution for the IoV domain.