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Most text-independent speaker identification methods to date depend on the use of some distance metric for classification. In this paper we develop the use of probability density function (pdf) estimation for text-independent speaker identification. We compare the performance of two parametric and one non-parametric pdf estimation methods to one distance classification method that uses the Mahalanobis distance. Under all conditions tested, the pdf estimation methods performed substantially better than the Mahalanobis distance method. The best method is a non-parametric pdf estimation method.
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Schwartz et al. (2005) studied this question.