Integrating IoT and Blockchain for Sustainable Waste Management in Cold Chain Food Supply Chains: Enhancing Efficiency and Accountability

This study applies Actor-Network Theory (ANT), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) Theory to investigate the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology for sustainable waste management in cold chain food supply chains. Using a case study of Company A, supported by datasets such as the Time-Temperature Data and the Google Cloud Blockchain Dataset, the research evaluates how IoT sensors and blockchain systems monitor waste and enhance operational efficiency across supply chain stages. Findings reveal that IoT-enabled real-time monitoring significantly reduces waste by addressing temperature deviations, while blockchain enhances traceability and accountability through immutable record-keeping and smart contracts. The combined application of these technologies demonstrates substantial waste reduction potential, particularly in transportation and distribution stages, aligning with sustainability objectives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This research provides both theoretical and practical contributions to the adoption of digital tools in sustainable supply chain management.