The effect of an external electric field on the absorption and the double fluorescence of 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline can be understood, taking into account reaction field induced polarizability effects. If a TICT state conformation emits the a-fiuorescence in dioxane, the permanent dipole moment in this state is only slightly larger than in the equilibrium ground state.
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W. Baumann (1981) studied this question.