Effect of Direct and Vicarious Verbalization on Retention

Several recent experimental studies have investigated the role of verbalization by children during the acquisition of learned responses. Verbalization of names or labels during pretraining or training leads to more rapid discrimination among stimuli (i, 3, 4, 15, I7, 19). Transpositional learning is facilitated by verbalization (6). Recognition and recall of objects have been found to be greater if the names of the objects are verbalized by the child