Outcomes and predictors of recurrences after pulmonary vein isolation by cryoballoon or radiofrequency catheter atrial fibrillation ablation

Aim: Catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has become a new option treatment for drug-resistant and symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to assess the outcomes after radiofrequency and cryoballoon catheter AF ablation. Material and methods: We performed a single-center prospective clinical study enrolling patients who underwent catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF between 2013 and 2015. The main objective was the outcomes after AF ablation by cryoballoon or radiofrequency energy. Follow-up was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months after ablation. Results: A total of 85 patients were included: 64 assigned to radiofrequency and 21 to cryoballoon ablation. Overall success rate at 3, 6 and 12 months post-ablation was 62%, 76% and 75%, respectively. Redo procedure was required in 8 patients (10.3%) at 6 months. Success rate at 12 months was non-significantly higher in radiofrequency ablation group (76% versus 62%; p=0.56). Complication rates were equivalent, without life treating or permanent sequels. Men gender, AF duration, obesity and sleep apnoea syndrome were clinical predictors of AF recurrence at 12 months after procedure. Conclusions: Cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation appear to be safe and effective procedures for AF treatment, with similar success rate. Men gender, AF duration, obesity and sleep apnea syndrome seem to be associated with AF recurrence after ablation.