Table of Contents

Executive Summary Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction and Overview Historical Origins of HBCUs Desegregation The Language of Higher Education Desegregation Pre‐ Brown Cases Brown I and II Brown and HBCUs Post‐ Brown HBCU Rebuttal Sanders v. Ellington Knight v. Alabama Fordice Cases Post‐ Fordice to the Present Students College Choice Gender African American Males African American Females Campus Environments Graduation and Outcomes Presidential Leadership Faculty and Governance Issues Faculty Diversity Critique of Governance General Overview of Faculty Issues Fundraising A History of Fundraising Alumni Giving Educating Alumni Early Issues of Infrastructure Endowment Size Federal and State Policy Legislation State Policies Toward HBCUs Curriculum Professional Fields Graduate Work Black Medical Schools and Medical Education Engineering at HBCUs Accreditation Conclusion and Thoughts About the Future Appendix: Historically Black Colleges and Universities References Additional Readings Name Index Subject Index About the Authors