Methods of Managing Notorious Substance-Dependent Individuals Worldwide: Developing a Conceptual Map and Conducting a Systematic Review Study as a Step towards Designing Interventions in Iran

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the methods of managing notorious substance-dependent individuals globally to design intervention programs in Iran.Method: The research design involved an analytical systematic study.In this regard, to find documents related to the management practices of notorious substance-dependent individuals worldwide, an integrated search and analysis of articles published until 2023 was conducted in PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Pro Quest, Elsevier, Science Direct, National Institutes of Health, and Google Scholar databases.Results: The findings indicated that the texts focused more on pain management, self-management, motivational interviewing, primary care, barriers to health services, education, patient-centered care, quality of life, and mental health.Conclusion: According to evidence-based findings, a range of interventions are recommended for Iran's notorious substance-dependent individuals, including comprehensive behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions, accommodation-based interventions, harm reduction strategies, peer mentoring programs, alternative therapies, employment and vocational training programs, faith-based interventions, and interventions based on criminal justice.