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In response to the need for theoretical models to guide counseling and conceptualize career assessment with culturally different clients, the authors propose an integrative-sequential conceptual model for cross-cultural career counseling research and practice. This framework consists of five stages: (a) emergence of career and vocational problems, (b) help-seeking and career services utilization, (c) evaluation of career and vocational problems, (d) career interventions, and (e) outcomes of career interventions. This model may be useful in guiding both career psychology research and career assessment and interventions with culturally different clients.
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Leong et al. (1997) studied this question.
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