Feed-in Power Limitation of Grid-Connected PV Battery Systems with Autonomous Forecast-Based Operation Strategies

Considering the challenges of grid integration, battery systems could be used to smooth the infeed of PV systems. This paper presents autonomous forecast-based operation strategies for residential PV battery systems that can be used to improve grid integration of PV systems. Simulation calculations on a timescale of one minute were performed to determine the impact of error-prone forecasts of the PV generation and load demand. Like load forecasts which need to be calculated on-site, also PV forecasts can be autonomously derived from measurements to avoid costs from forecast services. For the purpose of dealing with forecast errors a model predictive controller is implemented which can compensate the essential undesired effects of forecast errors. In this paper basic forecast approaches were assessed to show that even simple prediction models result in an economic feasible and autonomous grid relieving operation of residential PV battery systems.