Digitization bolstering self-directed learning for information literate adults–A systematic review

Learning skills are fundamental 21st century skills that enable people to thrive in an increasingly uncertain future. Digitization and the current COVID-19 pandemic have been key drivers of uncertainty and changing conditions. In the face of change and uncertainty, self-directed learning is a fundamental competence. However, to date there is a dearth of understanding regarding how digital technologies are supporting or affecting self-directed learning in adulthood. In order to address this, the objective of the present study was to examine through a systematic literature review what is known to date regarding–how can digital technologies support self-directed learning in adult learning and education? The novel findings of the present study suggest digitization has transformed opportunities for self-directed learning in informal, non-formal, and in formal educational settings. However, a key finding of this present study was that the affordances of digital technologies might be described as a double edged sword: (1) digital technologies provide convenient accessibility to information, which acts as an enabler of self-directed learning; but (2) the increasing volume of available information demands additional learner skill in information literacy–part of being a competent self-directed learner–in order to navigate information in a meaningful way. These two concomitant phenomena might in part explain the widening digital divide that has been recorded in recent years.