Anticancer Effects of Escherichia Coli-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Against Colorectal Cancer

Background: One of the deadliest cancers in the world, colorectal cancer has a dismal prognosis and a poor response to therapy.It was suggested that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Escherichia coli (E.coli) are a powerful inducer of inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells.This research aimed to determine the anticancer potential of E. coli-derived OMVs using a colorectal cancer model.Methods: Five distinct E. coli strains were collected for this study.Their OMVs were then isolated and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The effects of E. coli-derived OMVs on colorectal cancer were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using a colorectal tumor model in nude mice.Results: Obtained results showed that E. coli probiotic strains released spherical-shaped vesicles ranging from 5 to 200 nm.E. coli-derived OMVs showed that in the untreated group, a large portion of the tumor tissue continued to grow, with only a few cells undergoing apoptosis.Conversely, the OMVtreated group exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells, highlighting the anticancer effects of E. coliderived OMVs in colorectal cancer.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that E. coli-derived OMVs can be employed as a potential treatment for colorectal cancer with minimal adverse effects.Mechanistic studies indicate that these vesicles may promote apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, supporting their therapeutic potential.